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Memorial honors Triangle Shirtwaist fire deaths that galvanized labor movement_我的网站

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一 | 　　日前，生态环境部会同自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、水利部、农业农村部、国家林草局联合印发《生态保护“十五五”规划》（以下简称《规划》）。生态环境部自然生态保护司有关负责人就《规划》有关情况回答了记者提问。 NEW YORK -- If people really looked for history at the New York City building where the Triangle Shirtwaist factory once existed, they could find it. There are plaques pointing out that it was the site of a horrific fire in 1911 that became a catalyst in the American labor movement's fight for workplace safety protections.But for some, a few words on a wall aren't nearly enough to honor the fire's 146 victims.So after years of effort, the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition on Wednesday is dedicating a new memorial that has no chance of being overlooked.A giant steel ribbon with the names of those who died in the disaster, predominantly women and girls, has been installed running horizontally from one corner of the building. Underneath it, a reflective panel shows the stenciled names as well as quotes from people who were there, describing the mayhem. In the coming weeks, a vertical steel column will be added to the corner to span almost the entire height of the building, a reference to how high up the victims were stuck.It’s the story of desperate immigrant women, mostly Jewish and Italian, who were trapped by a door that was locked because there were no workplace safety rules that said it couldn’t be. Some jumped to their deaths from the windows to avoid the flames.“What they will see is a memorial that tries to build into the object itself the history of the fire, a history of working women, a history of Italians and Jews, a history of tragedy, but then also a history of change,” said Mary Anne Trasciatti, a Hofstra University professor and president of the coalition.The victims were close to the end of their working day on March 25, 1911, when a fire started on the eighth floor of the clothing factory, which took up the top floors of a building now owned by New York University.Frantic workers tried to get out as the flames spread to the ninth and 10th floors, some scrambling to get into an elevator, others heading for the roof. But others who tried to get past a door to escape found it locked, trapping them inside. At a trial of the factory’s owners afterward, some said the door had been kept locked on purpose, over theft concerns.Firefighters responded quickly. But their ladders were too short to get to the topmost floors.Horrified witnesses in the crowd watched as workers leapt from the windows. Among those bystanders was the late Frances Perkins, already an anti-poverty advocate trying to change workplace conditions, and who became even more dedicated after what she saw that day.“It really started her in her push for ‘we have to treat workers better,’” said Ileen DeVault, professor of labor history at Cornell University.Some of her words recollecting the day are part of the memorial, running along the reflective panel. “Every one of them was killed, everybody who jumped was killed.”Perkins would be part of a state commission that put a series of safety rules in place in New York that were emulated elsewhere, and later became an integral part of President Franklin Roosevelt’s cabinet as his secretary of labor. She pushed for policies like minimum wage, workers compensation, and old age pensions.One of the names on the memorial will be that of Rosie Weiner, who died in the blaze, but whose sister and fellow factory worker, Katie Weiner, made it out alive.Later, Weiner would recount how she grabbed an elevator cable to make her escape. Today, her great-niece, Suzanne Pred Bass, is on the board of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. Growing up, Bass knew her great-aunt had lived through the fire, but it wasn’t until years later that she heard about Rosie.Bass’ mother remembered accompanying her mother as a small child to the pier where the victims' bodies were taken after the fire.“She never forgot that, she was 4 years old and I can only imagine how how scary and awful,” Bass said.Memorial designers Richard Joon Yoo and Uri Wegman wanted to find a way for modern-day people to connect with the fire and its legacy, they said. The public was invited a few years ago to contribute pieces of fabric that were joined together in a 300-foot (91-meter) “Collective Ribbon." That ribbon’s design was then etched onto the memorial steel that rises up toward the top of the building.It was important to make that connection between past and present because issues of labor, workplace protections, and how workers are treated are still far from settled in the country and the world, Yoo and Wegman said.“Everything that it talks about with women workers, immigration, labor, it’s these touch points that just keep on flaring up over and over and over again,” Yoo said, pointing out that industrial disasters, at garment factories and elsewhere, still happen around the globe.The two came up with the design for the memorial about a decade ago. It is coming to fruition, with a capital budget of about $3 million, during a year of labor activism in some U.S. industries, with strikes by auto workers, hospital staff, film and television writers and screen actors.It just shows that the Triangle Shirtwaist fire still has lessons to impart, Bass said.“We forget a tragedy like this at our own peril,” she said. “We have the same issues, immigrant issues, safe working condition issues, abuse of women in the workplace issues. It’s not like any of these issues are all fixed."。

二 | 　　问：《规划》出台的背景是什么？　　答：生态保护事关国家安全、民生福祉和美丽中国建设。习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上强调，要站在维护国家生态安全、中华民族永续发展和对人类文明负责的高度，加强生态保护和修复，为子孙后代留下山清水秀的生态空间。“十四五”以来，在习近平生态文明思想科学指引下，我国生态保护工作取得明显成效。但对标全面建设美丽中国的目标愿景，生态保护成效尚不稳固，仍面临诸多问题。

三 | 　　“十五五”时期是美丽中国建设的关键阶段，也是推动生态保护与修复由“量的积累”向“质的提升”转变的关键时期。

四 | 党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》明确要求，持续深入推进污染防治攻坚和生态系统优化。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划纲要》（以下简称国家“十五五”纲要）专章部署“提升生态系统多样性稳定性持续性”任务要求。《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》明确要求，“国家按照生态系统的整体性、系统性及其内在规律，建立健全源头保护和全过程修复治理相结合的工作机制”。近期印发的《美丽中国建设“十五五”规划》专章部署“统筹推进生态系统优化”任务要求。　　为贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，全面落实国家“十五五”规划纲要、《美丽中国建设“十五五”规划》等有关要求，生态环境部会同自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、水利部、农业农村部、国家林草局等部门，充分研究、科学谋划“十五五”时期生态保护的基本思路、目标任务、重点工程和关键举措，广泛听取各方面意见建议，编制形成了《规划》。制定《规划》有助于推动各地区建立健全源头保护和全过程修复治理相结合的工作机制，加快推进美丽中国建设，以高水平保护支撑高质量发展。　　问：《规划》编制的主要思路是什么，有什么新变化？　　答：《规划》深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，认真落实党的二十届四中全会部署，将国家“十五五”规划纲要、《美丽中国建设“十五五”规划》有关部署要求贯穿《规划》全文，进一步细化“十五五”时期生态保护的目标任务，主要思路是把握“3个一”：　　一是坚持1个导向，持续深入推进生态系统优化。持续优化生态空间格局，增强生态系统完整性和连通性。

五 | 坚持自然恢复为主、人工修复为辅，统筹推进生态系统保护与修复，全面加强生物多样性保护，促进生态系统质量改善与功能提升。　　二是聚焦1条主线，强化生态保护与修复监管。充分利用“天空地海”协同监测网络与技术手段，强化生态质量监测评估，夯实生态保护与修复监管数据基础。严格生态保护监督执法，有效遏制各类生态破坏问题。健全生态保护保障体系，切实提升生态治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。　　三是突出1个抓手，充分发挥生态文明示范建设载体平台作用，全面落实美丽中国建设各项重点目标和任务，探索生态文明建设创新模式，丰富和拓展生态产品价值实现路径模式，将示范建设由个体示范向区域整体提升推进，打造更多美丽中国样板。　　同时，与“十四五”时期相比，有以下几方面新的变化：　　一是在战略定位方面，更加突出以高水平保护支撑高质量发展。《规划》立足筑牢国家生态安全屏障、保障中华民族永续发展的战略全局，通过严格保护与科学修复、强化生态保护与修复统一监管，切实筑牢美丽中国建设的生态根基，推动实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化，有效支撑高质量发展。　　二是在任务举措方面，更加突出生态空间格局优化。

六 | 针对当前生态空间破碎化、连通性不足的问题，《规划》提出在持续巩固以“三区四带”为骨架的国家生态安全屏障体系的基础上，加强重要生态廊道及其重要节点保护建设，并统筹考虑区域生态结构完整性、生态功能重要性，优化形成80个生态保护与修复监管重点区域，切实守牢自然生态安全边界。

七 | 　　三是在技术手段方面，更加突出科技数智赋能生态保护与修复统一监管。要加强生态退化机理基础研究和生态功能提升关键技术研究，强化对生态保护的科技支撑。落实国家数字中国战略要求，全面强化人工智能等新技术在国家生态保护与修复综合监管平台、生态保护与修复监管智能体建设等的场景化应用，推动提升生态治理效能。

八 | 　　四是在价值导向方面，更加突出生态惠民、生态利民、生态为民。落实国家“十五五”纲要“更加突出提质兴业利民”的要求，进一步强化城乡生态宜居品质提升、城市生物多样性保护等任务部署，为人民群众提供更多、更丰富的优质生态产品。

九 | 　　五是在工作机制方面，更加突出推动形成各部门齐抓共管工作合力。全面落实《生态环境法典》要求，统筹推动建立健全源头保护和全过程修复治理相结合的工作机制，加强部门协同、分工负责的任务设计，形成覆盖生态系统全要素、全过程的国家生态保护工作顶层设计，推动形成各部门齐抓共管的生态保护工作合力。　　问：《规划》提出了哪些主要目标和重点任务？　　答：《规划》充分衔接国家“十五五”规划纲要和《美丽中国建设“十五五”规划》有关要求，提出到2030年的总体目标是：生态空间格局持续优化，生态质量稳步改善，生物多样性丧失趋势得到有效缓解，优质生态产品供给更加丰富，生态系统多样性稳定性持续性不断提升，生态保护与修复监管制度进一步完善，国家生态安全得到有效保障。展望2035年的总体目标是：智慧高效的生态保护与修复监管体系全面建立，生态治理体系和治理能力现代化基本实现。　　围绕上述总体目标要求，《规划》提出七方面重点任务。　　一是持续优化生态空间格局，包括巩固优化生态安全屏障、完善自然保护地体系、优化监管重点区域等内容。　　二是统筹推进生态系统保护与修复，包括推行自然生态系统休养生息、推进生态系统修复、提升城乡生态宜居品质等内容。　　三是全面加强生物多样性保护，包括加强野生物种及遗传资源保护与可持续利用、推进城市生物多样性保护、强化生物安全风险防控、推动引领全球生物多样性治理等内容。　　四是强化生态质量监测评估，包括持续开展生态系统监测、深化重要生态空间人为活动遥感监测、强化生态状况评估和生态保护与修复成效评估、加强生态安全风险防范和应对等内容。

十 | 　　五是严格生态保护监督执法，包括加强重要生态空间生态环境问题监督、加强重大生态破坏事件判定、健全生态环境问题监管机制、深化生态保护执法协作等内容。

十一 | 　　六是健全生态保护保障体系，包括完善生态保护法规标准体系、健全生态补偿与损害赔偿制度、健全生态保护科技支撑体系、建设多元协同社会治理体系、提升生态治理数智化水平等内容。　　七是深入推进生态文明示范建设，包括强化示范建设协同引领、深化示范建设模式创新、加强示范建设监督管理等内容。　　为支撑上述重点任务落实，《规划》还提出了三个方面的重点工程，包括：生物多样性保护重大工程、生态监测与评估能力提升工程、生态治理数智化能力提升工程。　　问：如何抓好《规划》贯彻落实？　　答：为确保完成上述目标任务，《规划》提出三方面的保障措施。　　一是完善工作机制。